Python 21点游戏编程详解：从基础到进阶293

大家好，我是你们的Python编程博主！今天咱们来聊一个既能娱乐又能学习的项目——用Python编写21点（Blackjack）游戏。21点规则简单易懂，却蕴含着概率、策略等丰富的知识点，非常适合作为Python编程练习的绝佳素材。本文将带大家从零开始，逐步构建一个功能完整的21点游戏，并讲解其中的核心代码和算法。

一、游戏规则概述

在开始编程之前，让我们简单回顾一下21点的规则。目标是让手中的牌点数之和尽可能接近21，但不能超过21（爆牌）。A可以算作1或11，J、Q、K均算作10。游戏开始时，玩家和庄家各发两张牌，玩家可以选择“要牌”（Hit）或“停牌”（Stand）。如果玩家爆牌，则输；如果玩家不爆牌，则与庄家比较点数，点数大者获胜，点数相同则平局。庄家必须在点数小于17时继续要牌。

二、Python代码实现

我们将使用Python的标准库来实现这个游戏，不需要引入任何额外的库。首先，我们需要定义一些必要的变量和函数：

```python
import random
def create_deck():
"""创建一副扑克牌"""
suits = ["♠", "♥", "♦", "♣"]
ranks = ["2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K", "A"]
deck = [(rank, suit) for suit in suits for rank in ranks]
(deck)
return deck
def calculate_hand_value(hand):
"""计算手牌点数"""
ace_count = (("A", ""))
total = 0
for rank, suit in hand:
if ():
total += int(rank)
elif rank in ("J", "Q", "K"):
total += 10
elif rank == "A":
total += 11
while total > 21 and ace_count > 0:
total -= 10
ace_count -= 1
return total
def deal_card(deck, hand):
"""发牌"""
(())
```

这段代码首先定义了`create_deck()`函数来创建并洗牌，`calculate_hand_value()`函数计算手牌点数，`deal_card()`函数从牌堆中发牌。注意`calculate_hand_value()`函数中处理A的逻辑，确保了A可以灵活地算作1或11。

接下来，我们编写游戏主循环：

```python
def play_blackjack():
deck = create_deck()
player_hand = []
dealer_hand = []
# 发初始牌
for _ in range(2):
deal_card(deck, player_hand)
deal_card(deck, dealer_hand)
# 玩家回合
print("你的牌：", player_hand)
player_total = calculate_hand_value(player_hand)
print("你的点数：", player_total)
dealer_total = calculate_hand_value(dealer_hand)
if player_total == 21:
print("Blackjack! 你赢了！")
return
while player_total < 21:
action = input("要牌 (h) 或停牌 (s)? ").lower()
if action == "h":
deal_card(deck, player_hand)
player_total = calculate_hand_value(player_hand)
print("你的牌：", player_hand)
print("你的点数：", player_total)
if player_total > 21:
print("爆牌！你输了！")
return
else:
break
# 庄家回合
print("庄家的牌：", dealer_hand)
print("庄家的点数：", dealer_total)
while dealer_total < 17:
deal_card(deck, dealer_hand)
dealer_total = calculate_hand_value(dealer_hand)
print("庄家要牌：")
print("庄家的牌：", dealer_hand)
print("庄家的点数：", dealer_total)
if dealer_total > 21:
print("庄家爆牌！你赢了！")
return
# 比较点数
if player_total > dealer_total or dealer_total > 21:
print("你赢了！")
elif player_total == dealer_total:
print("平局！")
else:
print("你输了！")
play_blackjack()
```